منابع مشابه
NILPOTENT GRAPHS OF MATRIX ALGEBRAS
Let $R$ be a ring with unity. The undirected nilpotent graph of $R$, denoted by $Gamma_N(R)$, is a graph with vertex set ~$Z_N(R)^* = {0neq x in R | xy in N(R) for some y in R^*}$, and two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy in N(R)$, or equivalently, $yx in N(R)$, where $N(R)$ denoted the nilpotent elements of $R$. Recently, it has been proved that if $R$ is a left A...
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All vector spaces and so forth here will be defined over the complex numbers. If z = x+i y is a complex number, where x, y are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of z is denoted z and defined to be x− i y. The complex conjugate of a sum or product of complex numbers is equal to the corresponding sum or product of complex conjugates. The modulus of a complex number z is the nonnegative rea...
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We show that most of the theory of Hermitian Banach algebras can be proved for normed ∗-algebras without the assumption of completeness. The condition r(x) ≤ p(x) for all x (where p(x) = r(x∗x)1/2 is the Pták function), which is essential in the theory of Hermitian Banach algebras, is replaced for normed ∗-algebras by the condition r(x + y) ≤ p(x) + p(y) for all x, y. In case of Banach ∗-algebr...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Algebra
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0021-8693
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalgebra.2012.06.016